CAVITATIONAL SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOFORMS BY WATER HAMMER

Water Hammer with Column Separation:

Column separation refers to the breaking of liquid columns in fully filled pipelines. This may occur in a water hammer event when the pressure drops to the vapor pressure at specific locations such as closed ends, high points or knees (changes in pipe slope). A vapor cavity, driven by the inertia of the parting liquid columns, will start to grow. The cavity acts as a vacuum, a low-pressure poin...

Modeling of Fluid Interaction Produced by Water Hammer

This paper compares the computational performance of two numerical methods for two models of Transient Flow. One model was defined by method of the Eulerian based expressed in a method of characteristics “MOC”, finite difference form. The other model was defined by method of Regression. Each method was encoded into an existing hydraulic simulation model. Results indicated that the accuracy of t...

Multiple Scales Analysis of Water Hammer Attenuation

A multiple scales analysis is used to construct a uniformly accurate approximation to water hammer pressure wave attenuation that is initiated by a sudden valve opening. The method of analysis is well suited to the study of a water hammer that possesses several time scales and is applied to a mild generalization of the classical equations. It should prove useful for finding attenuation curves w...

Synthesis of Carbon Spheres of Controlled Size by Hydrothermal Method

Carbon Spheres were fabricated by hydrothermal method and their structural properties were investigated. Carbon Spheres with average sizes around of 230, 320 and 430 nm were synthesized in different concentration of glucose aqueous solution and different hydrothermal reaction time. The temperature of 180 °C by a hydrothermal reaction was fixed in all of glucose concentration and hydrothermal re...

Water hammer dissipation in pneumatic slug tests